Energy-based model

An energy-based model is a type of probabilistic model in machine learning that associates a scalar energy value to each configuration of variables. These models learn to represent data by minimizing the energy of observed data points and assigning higher energy to other configurations.

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Driving signal for talking head generation

A driving signal for talking head generation refers to the input data or features used to animate a static or dynamic facial model to produce realistic lip movements, facial expressions, and head gestures corresponding to speech or other cues. These signals can be derived from audio, video, or other sensor data and are crucial for creating coherent and naturalistic talking head animations.

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U-Net

U-Net is a convolutional neural network architecture designed primarily for biomedical image segmentation. It uses a symmetric encoder-decoder structure with skip connections to enable precise localization and context capture.

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